<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olarieta, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Ochoa, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascaso, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Gypsum and Increased Penetration Resistance Restrict Early Growth of Quercus ilex Plantations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arid Land Research and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calcareous soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil rootable depth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2012.680654</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250 - 260</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of soil characteristics on the early growth of Quercus ilex in order to support planning of future plantations. We studied 31 200-m2-plots on 10-year-old plantations in fields that were set-aside from agriculture in a semiarid area in northeast Spain. Tree height and diameter, slope, geomorphic position, and various soil characteristics were measured. On north-facing slopes height and diameter of trees were significantly greater (150?200%) in soils without gypsum than in soils with gypsum. In soils without gypsum, increased penetration resistance in the upper 50 cm of soil (from 4.4 MPa to more than 7.0 MPa) decreased dominant height of trees to 40% of the maximum. While plantations of Quercus ilex can achieve satisfactory growth in semiarid conditions, detailed field studies of soil and site conditions are required for successful plantation establishment. The actual need for soil preparation treatments should be carefully evaluated considering species response and soil penetration resistance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/15324982.2012.680654doi: 10.1080/15324982.2012.680654The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Nádia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Graaff, Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Filomena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historical review of land use changes in Portugal (before and after EU integration in 1986) and their implications for land degradation and conservation, with a focus on Centro and Alentejo regions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Geography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agri-environmental policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143622811000385</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1036 - 1048</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in land use and production systems are to a large extent responsible for land degradation. In Portugal this process has been triggered mainly by socioeconomic drivers, such as agricultural technology, demography and policy changes. In this article land use changes in Portugal are discussed in terms of their main drivers and impacts, focussing on land degradation and conservation. The discussion includes a brief outline of historical land use changes in Portugal and a more detailed account of the changes in the period after 1986, when Portugal joined the European Union. An assessment of recent (1986e2006) land use changes and their impact was conducted for two selected research areas in the Centro and Alentejo regions. This assessment was based on information from the CORINE Land Cover programme (1985 and 2006) and the National Agricultural Census (1989 and 1999). In the Centro research area the land under forest declined from 52% to only 22% of the area, mainly as a result of forest ﬁres. In the Alentejo research area the major change was the decline of miscellaneous shrub, declining from 23% to 11%, to open forest land, increasing as a result of afforestation measures from 1% to 22%. These land use changes resulted in a signiﬁcant increase of soil loss estimates through RUSLE. In the Centro research area soil losses greater than 10 t ha 1 yr 1 were estimated to occur in 57% of the area in 1990, increasing as a result of land use change to 64% in 2006. In the Alentejo research area this change was from 65% in 1990 to 72% in 2006. The research raises questions regarding land use management, in relation to the Common Agriculture Policy support during the 1986e2006 period. Despite the increase in forest and permanent grassland areas, soil loss rates remain very high in the two research areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrientos, Rafael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retention of native vegetation within the plantation matrix improves its conservation value for a generalist woodpecker</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plantation design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112710002720</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">595 - 602</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The suitability of plantation monocultures for the conservation of forest animals is an issue under continous debate. The adaptability of forest dwellers and the forest management regime seem to play key roles. In this study, I investigated the habitat selection of a generalist bird, the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), within a pine (Pine spp.) monoculture, as well as the importance of the native habitat features within the pine matrix for the species’ conservation. I compared 52 plots with woodpecker presence against 121 plots where the species was absent, as well as 68 nest-trees against 90 random ones. Regression analyses were used to investigate the habitat attributes involved in the habitat selection. Although the great spotted woodpecker is considered a generalist forest dweller, it shows a marked habitat selection. Based on presence/absence records, the woodpecker prefers wellforested patches with high levels of tree diversity and with good coverage of a secondary species such as the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo). To excavate their nests, woodpeckers select large trees in patches where other trees are also larger, rejecting patches with a high number of small trees. The most striking conclusion from this work is the preference shown for native trees, especially Portuguese oaks (Quercus faginea), as nest-trees. This is noteworthy because native trees are smaller and they are surrounded by smaller trees than pines. These ﬁndings support that woodpecker conservation beneﬁts from an increase of habitat heterogeneity, particularly by the retention of native woodland patches within the plantation matrix.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dettori, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falqui, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filigheddu, M. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedda, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance di recenti imboschimenti con quercia da sughero in ex-coltivi</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reg EEC 2080/92</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/show.php?id=395http://www.sisef.it/forest@/pdf/Dettori_395.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327 - 338</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recently, significant forestry activities have taken place in Sardinia thanks to EU Regulation 2080/92 funds. Some 80% of the afforestated surface has been planted with holm oak and cork oak. The latter also characterizes 89% of the reforestation area. Given the funding source, plantations have been established on farmlands. Growth performances of these recent cork oak stands have been quantitatively evaluated and compared with the performances of two experimental plots. In Gallura (north-east of Sardinia), that is the traditional cork production area and still is economically the most important cork district of the island, these new cork oak plantations have an average size of 28 ha. They have been established on lands that, before plantation, were either pastures (30%) or arable lands (70%). Plantation failures are limited to 8.8% of the total (in term of mass) and seem independent of environmental factors or plantations species composition (conifers have been frequently used as secondary species). Average growth of the stem, measured above cork at collar height, is in the range 4 to 8mm/year with a mean value of 5.5mm/year. No correlation appears with either environmental conditions or species composition of the plantations. In the first experimental plot, soil management practices (natural vegetation removal vs its cutting and mulching) does not differentiate young plants growth trends. In the control subplots (no removal) stem collar diameter is 20% smaller. Localized manual hoeing around trunk base increased the diameters by 13% but reduced cork thickness by 21%. The second experimental plot allows comparisons among 27 Mediterranean proveniences of cork oak. The trial exhibits reduced genetic influence: diameters and heights growth are significantly different only among extreme groups. In conclusion, reduced growth performances of the plantations established in farmlands is due, to some extent, to the limitations inherent with private land management (constrained to costs minimization) and, on the other hand, to the generally very limited thickness of Gallura soils. Demand for good quality commercial cork is steadily raising. To sustain the request, in the short term, it would be necessary to extend financial support for plantations care, from 5 to 10 years, or even up to the first stripping (virgin cork).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Dipartimento di Economia e Sistemi arborei Universit� di Sassari, via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari.&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larchevêque, Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ballini, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korboulewsky, Nathalie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montès, Nicolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of compost in afforestation of Mediterranean areas: Effects on soil properties and young tree seedlings.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sewage sludge compost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762400</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">369</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220 - 230</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Mediterranean frequently burnt areas, fire and erosion result in the decrease of soil fertility, so afforestation is a major concern. We carried out an in situ experiment of compost amendment to improve survival and growth of planted tree seedlings. One-year-tree seedlings of native species (Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea) were planted on a frequently burnt calcareous site. Three rates of fresh co-composted sewage sludge and greenwastes (control without compost, 20 and 40 kg m(-2) of compost) were incorporated into the soil at each seedling stem. Changes of soil properties and tree development were studied during 3 years (2001-2003) and 2 years (2002-2003) respectively. The compost improved survival of Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea seedlings in severe drought conditions, but had no effect on Pinus halepensis. For all species seedling length and radial growth and NPK nutrition were increased for both rates of amendment. Amendment improved soil fertility, but available P concentration increased 13 fold in the neighbouring soil of seedlings amended at the maximal rate compared to control. However, amendment did not significantly increase concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in soils or tree seedlings. It increased Cu and Zn total and available concentrations in soils, while foliar Cu and Zn concentrations in the seedlings remained similar in all plots. Compost can efficiently help afforestation of dry soils with low organic matter content. However, sewage sludge concentrations in P, and to a lesser extent in Cu and Zn, limit rates of application that can be applied without environmental hazard.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16762400</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar-Salvador, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planelles, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enrı́quez, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubira, J. Peñuelas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes, and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nursery fertilisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root growth capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shading</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112704002452</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257 - 266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study we have addressed the effect of nitrogen fertilisation and shading used during nursery growth on the functional quality of Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) seedlings and their outplanting performance in an abandoned continental Mediterranean cropland. Three N fertilisation regimes: high and low fertilisation (154 and 34 mg N per plant, respectively) and no fertilisation, combined with two shade levels (full sun and 45% shade) were studied. Fertilisation increased the shoot size, shoot to root mass ratio (S/R), root N, and both shoot and root P concentration of the plants produced in the nursery. Fertilisation also enhanced the capacity of new root formation. Neither tissue K nor root mass was affected by N fertilisation. Shading increased S/R and root K concentration but reduced both shoot and root N concentration. Two years after planting, unfertilised seedlings had higher mortality and grew signiﬁcantly less than those cultivated at both a low and a high fertilisation level. Shading during nursery growth had no inﬂuence on the outplanting performance of holm oak seedlings. Plants with a larger shoot and higher S/R had lower mortality and grew faster than those with a smaller shoot and lower S/R. Outplanting performance of holm oak seedlings was related with root N and P concentration and with RGC. No relationship was found with either shoot nutrient concentration or root mass. We conclude that high N fertilisation of holm oak seedlings in the nursery can improve their early ﬁeld establishment in the afforestation Mediterranean abandoned croplands.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue></record></records></xml>