<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boubaker, A. Gasmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abduli, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozada, M. R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) acorn as a substitute for barley in the diet of rabbits; Effect on In vivo digestibility, growth and carcass characteristics. J. anim</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rabbit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;btnG=Search&amp;q=intitle:Cork+Oak+(Quercus+suber+L.)+Acorn+as+a+Substitute+for+Barley+in+the+Diet+of+Rabbits:+Effect+on+In+vivo+Digestibility,+Growth+and+Carcass+Characteristics#0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1219 - 1222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study 2 experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of cork oak acorn as an energy source for rabbits. Experiment 1 was a digestibility trial using 20 adult rabbits (10 rabbits/group) and experiment 2 was a growth performance and carcass evaluation using 24 growing rabbits in a completely randomised design. Two diets were formulated to contain either 250 g Dry Matter (DM) barley (Barley diet) or 250 g DM oak Acorn (Acorn diet)/kg and included mainly, wheat bran, soybean meal, hay, molasses, calcium phosphate, Cu SO4 and salt. Inclusion of acorn in the diet did not result in any change in odour and fungal contamination nor in the feed intake (p&gt;0.05). However, acorn in the diet decreased the in vivo digestibility by 10.8, 11.5 and 17.5%, respectively, for DM, Organic Matter (OM) and Crude Protein (CP). Although the rabbits fed acorn diet retained less nitrogen than those fed barley diet, they were positive in the nitrogen balance. The final live weight and daily weight gain from weaning through slaughter did not show any significant difference between rabbits fed the control diet and those fed the experimental diet. Similar carcass yield and feed conversion ratio were observed for the 2 groups. Weight of full gastrointestinal, liver, kidney and caecum were not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the presence of acorn in the experimental diet. A more careful evaluation of the real content and digestibility of nutrients from acorn is necessary to evaluate their nutritional value before considering them as a potential feed for rabbits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boubaker, A Gasmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abduli, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozada, M R M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) acorn as a substitute for barley in the diet of rabbits; Effect on In vivo digestibility, growth and carcass characteristics. J. anim</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rabbit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1219-1222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study 2 experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of cork oak acorn as an energy source for rabbits. Experiment 1 was a digestibility trial using 20 adult rabbits (10 rabbits/group) and experiment 2 was a growth performance and carcass evaluation using 24 growing rabbits in a completely randomised design. Two diets were formulated to contain either 250 g Dry Matter (DM) barley (Barley diet) or 250 g DM oak Acorn (Acorn diet)/kg and included mainly, wheat bran, soybean meal, hay, molasses, calcium phosphate, Cu SO4 and salt. Inclusion of acorn in the diet did not result in any change in odour and fungal contamination nor in the feed intake (p&gt;0.05). However, acorn in the diet decreased the in vivo digestibility by 10.8, 11.5 and 17.5%, respectively, for DM, Organic Matter (OM) and Crude Protein (CP). Although the rabbits fed acorn diet retained less nitrogen than those fed barley diet, they were positive in the nitrogen balance. The final live weight and daily weight gain from weaning through slaughter did not show any significant difference between rabbits fed the control diet and those fed the experimental diet. Similar carcass yield and feed conversion ratio were observed for the 2 groups. Weight of full gastrointestinal, liver, kidney and caecum were not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the presence of acorn in the experimental diet. A more careful evaluation of the real content and digestibility of nutrients from acorn is necessary to evaluate their nutritional value before considering them as a potential feed for rabbits.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diouf, Papa-Niokhor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlin, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perrin, Dominique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant properties of wood extracts and colour stability of woods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525-534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial wood extracts were selected and other extracts were prepared in the laboratory from some chosen wood species. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were measured by three methods: the oxygen uptake method, the kinetic DPPH method, and the equilibrium DPPH method. There is a fair correlation between the three methods. Total phenol contents of the extracts and colour stability of woods were measured. For the same phenol content, extracts containing condensed tannins are more antioxidant than those containing hydrolysable tannins. Colour stability is clearly correlated neither with phenol content nor with antioxidant capacity of the extracts, but it is conferred to non durable woods if impregnated with extracts of durable species. Light aging is accompanied by consumption of the most antioxidant compounds of the extracts first.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diouf, Papa-Niokhor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlin, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perrin, Dominique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant properties of wood extracts and colour stability of woods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006035</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525 - 534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial wood extracts were selected and other extracts were prepared in the laboratory from some chosen wood species. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were measured by three methods: the oxygen uptake method, the kinetic DPPH method, and the equilibrium DPPH method. There is a fair correlation between the three methods. Total phenol contents of the extracts and colour stability of woods were measured. For the same phenol content, extracts containing condensed tannins are more antioxidant than those containing hydrolysable tannins. Colour stability is clearly correlated neither with phenol content nor with antioxidant capacity of the extracts, but it is conferred to non durable woods if impregnated with extracts of durable species. Light aging is accompanied by consumption of the most antioxidant compounds of the extracts first.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narjisse, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elhonsali, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olsen, J D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of oak ( Quercus ilex) tannins on digestion and nitrogen balance in sheep and goats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feed intake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep and goats exhibited different levels of tolerance to the effects of tannins extracted from oak leaves (Quercus ilex) Feed intake, N balance, and rumen ammonia concentrations decreased by 8%, 159% and 50%, respectively, in sheep infused intraruminally with tannins (P &lt;0.05). Similar measurements were not depressed (P&gt; 0.05) in goats although mean rumen ammonia content was 39% less. In vivo DM digestibility was not significantly different for either sheep or goats. Averaged in vitro fermentation capacity was depressed 10% by tannin (8-12% concentration) in the rumen fluid from non-infused sheep given the same diet, but was improved by 9% for goats. Finally, tannin-infused goats lost in urine only 17% of the N ingested, while tannin-infused sheep excreted as much as 44%. The superiority of goats in dealing with tannin might result from the greater ability of their microbial population to degrade tannins, and/or their higher urea recycling and salivary secretion capabilities. Results derived from this study indicate that goats may be more suitable for grazing in oak woodland, especially during the season when alternative forage availability is scarce.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallardo, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merino, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen immobilization in leaf litter at two Mediterranean ecosystems of SW Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">immobilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf litter decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lignin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-228</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen immobilization in relation to the dynamics of lignin and tannins in nine different types of leaf litter was investigated during a 2-yr study at two Mediterranean ecosystems of SW Spain. Net nitrogen immobilization for all the species was higher in a forest than in the more nutrient-poor soil of a shrubland. Absolute amount of lignin increased in both ecosystems in the first 2-4 months whereas tannin rapidly decreased in the same time period. Increases in lignin were significantly correlated to losses of tannins during decomposition. Initial tannin content was the best predictor of the maximum amount of immobilized nitrogen in litter in both ecosystems. Mechanisms that could explain the immobilization of nitrogen in litter are discussed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>