<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mestre, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogtlander, Joost</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-efficient value creation of Cork Products: an LCA-based method for Design Intervention</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-costs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652613002540</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101 - 114</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork, a natural, recyclable, non-toxic and renewable resource, which stems from the bark of a cork oak in the Mediterranean cork forest (Montado), is an excellent material for Sustainable Product Design. This article describes a project, developed for the Portuguese Cork Industry, on the sustainable innovation of cork products, using the method of “Design Interventions” for new product development, combined with the method of “Eco-efficient Value Creation”. Design Intervention is a method to generate innovative products in a structured way with a team of designers, focussing on maximum customer perceived value. The method has four levels: project strategic level, concept development level, design implementation level and product diffusion level. It includes workshops, combined with work in the design studios of the individual designers. The design concepts are analysed with respect to sustainability, and the market value of the prototypes are tested. Eco-efficient value creation is LCA based method with a double objective: 1. reduce the eco-burden of a product (and/or service), and at the same time, 2. enhance the customer perceived value. In this method, the combination of customer perceived value and eco-burden of the product is optimised, aiming at a high level of eco-effectiveness. The eco-burden is determined by means of Life Cycle Assessment (according to ISO 14040/44). The customer perceived value is determined by the price of the product in the market. The project showed that this two dimensional approach, generated good results: 27 out of the 36 new designs ended up with better characteristics (lower eco-costs at a higher value) than their reference products. Products have been exhibited in several international cities, and are sold in design shops</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Ana Carina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brezet, Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogtlander, Joost</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork and sustainability: Discussing the sustainable use of the material from a design perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork products and materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design and materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s12204-012-1287-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360 - 363</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is the challenge to use materials in a more sustainable way. Even though cork has an interesting eco-proﬁle as a material, other aspects contributing to an enhanced sustainable use of the resource are discussed: addressing the life-span of products, materials substitution, and the trend of materials development identiﬁed. Key words: sustainability, design and materials, cork products and materials, eco-materials</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franco, Juan Agustín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesias, Francisco Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic analysis of scenarios for the sustainability of extensive livestock farming in Spain under the CAP</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">common agricultural policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-compliance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extremadura</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Logistic models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800911005003</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120 - 129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper proposes a change in the conditions of cross-compliance of CAP payments. Speciﬁcally, the eligibility criterion considered is compliance with minimal requirements of long-term economic and agroenvironmental sustainability. To this end, 69 range farms were surveyed in Extremadura (SW Spain). In these farms, sustainability was studied using the MESMIS framework. MESMIS is based on the evaluation of basic attributes of sustainability (adaptability, self-reliance, equity, stability, and productivity) formed from different indicators. The original indicators are then synthesized by means of qualitative, quantitative, or mixed techniques into a single value measuring the sustainability of the system (sustainability index). Alternative scenarios were then deﬁned in which the perception of CAP subsidies was to a greater or lesser extent linked to levels of sustainability. For each of these scenarios, the economic indicators of the farms were compared with those of the baseline (present) situation. The analysis was completed using a logistic model classiﬁcation to study the relationship between the maximum levels attainable by the economic indicators in terms of the sustainability indices. The results showed that including sustainability as a condition for receiving aid under the CAP can contribute to improving the economic results of traditional extensive farms.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinheiro, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, N. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic implications of different cork oak forest management systems</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NPV</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodlands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://inderscience.metapress.com/index/c3575402682k1h91.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Évora</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The agro-silvopastoral system “montado” dominates the landscape of the south-western Iberian Peninsula, occupies approximately 3.1 million hectares of woodland in Spain and 1.2 million hectares in Portugal. The forest system “montado” is mostly dominated by Mediterranean evergreen oaks such as cork oak (Quercus suber L.) and holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia). The “montado” production system management aims the maintenance of a balanced sustainable land use to cope with the Mediterranean climate variability. One important issue in cork oak forests is the control shrub growth in order to prevent forest fire hazard, which is of high risk in Mediterranean climate. The two most common ways of controlling the shrub component is by mechanical destruction with soil disking (that implicates soil mobilization) or by shrub cutting (that is done with minimum impact on soil). The two referred techniques have different costs and different impacts on cork production and other goods and services (multifunctionality) of cork oak forests. In this paper, the two shrub control systems are compared and the results show that, although soil disking is more profitable than shrub cutting, the results are reversed, if one considers the carbon sequestration. This means that besides the great economic sustainability of cork oak dependence on the price of cork, the profitability of different shrub control methods depend also on the way society valuates other goods and services provided by cork oak forest</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;secondary-title: International Journal of …&lt;br/&gt;periodical: International Journal of …&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1504/IJSSOC.2008.022571</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eires, Rute</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camoes, Aires</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jalali, Said</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques, AT and Silva</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Eco-Friendly Gypsum Materials for Civil Construction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM IV</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Construction Technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Residue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waste recycling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">587-588</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">908 - 912</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sustainable world's economic growth and people's life improvement greatly depend on the use of alternative products in the architecture and construction, such as industrial wastes conventionally called ``green materials{''}. This paper concerns the main results of an experimental work carried out with the objective of developing new composite materials based on gypsum and incorporating waste material as granulated cork, a by-product of cork industry, and cellulose fibres. a waste of paper industry. Such materials are intended to be used as composite boards for non structural elements of construction, such as dry walls and ceiling. Cork (bark of the plant Quercus Suber L), a substance largely produced in Portugal, is a material whose characteristics are of considerable interest for the construction industry. It is regarded as a strategic material with enormous potential by its reduced density, elasticity, compressibility; waterproof, vibration absorption, thermal and acoustic insulation efficiency \{[\}1]. During the first stage of this research work the gypsum binder and its properties Were Studied. Then, composites with mineral additions (added to increase the waterproofing and resistance) were also developed and submitted to tests to determine their physical and mechanical properties. In last stage, reinforced composites using different industrial by-products have been developed. This paper will present the properties and the manufacture methods used to produce the above mentioned eco-friendly composites that can case ways for using industrial wastes as new construction materials, with excellent inherent thermal and acoustic properties.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM IV&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramírez, José Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rotational set-aside</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707009590</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976 - 1983</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are man-made systems composed by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber) scattered over a grassland understorey. They cover about 3.1 million ha in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and are to be preserved under the EU Habitats Directive due to the high levels of plant and animal diversity they maintain. The main current threat to long-term dehesa farming is a chronic absence of natural tree regeneration.We test whether dehesa abandonment would promote natural regeneration, how size structure of tree populations change after abandonment, and whether shrub encroachment would enhance seedling recruitment by measuring the size structure of mature tree populations, shrub cover and seedling density in 17 dehesa farms of known date of abandonment. Size structures were approximately bell-shaped in farms abandoned less than 16 years ago, progressively approaching afterwards the inverse J-shaped distribution typical from holm oak forests. Proportions of young mature trees changed with age of abandonment according to a logistic growth function. Proportions typical from forests (70–80%) were reached 30 years after abandonment, whereas balanced numbers of young and old trees were reached 20–25 years after abandonment. Short-term seedling recruitment was not related to age of abandonment or to covers of most dominant shrubs and was positively related to cover of mature trees and of Cytisus multiflorus, a nurse shrub for holm oak seedlings. Synthesis and applications: Conservation of dehesas and their associated biodiversity values should be based on financing temporal abandonment of productive dehesa farming for 20 years, keeping land in good agricultural condition by re-opening the encroached plots after tree recruitment (i.e. rotational set-aside). The proposed measure has the additional advantages of easy monitoring and straightforward evaluation of its effectiveness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue></record></records></xml>