<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, João P. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composition and structure of natural mixed-oak stands in northern and central Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica Willd.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand Structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112711002350</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1928 - 1937</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand composition and structure of natural mixed-oak stands of common-oak (Quercus robur L.) and pyrenean-oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) were studied. Diverse compositional and structural elements in early and late successional stand stages were analysed. The study was conducted in north and central Portugal where different naturalmixed oak forests types are located. The followingmixed-oak forest types involving common-oak and pyrenean-oak were studied: common-oak &amp; other hardwoods; commonoak &amp; cork-oak (Quercus suber L.); ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) &amp; pyrenean-oak; and pyrenean-oak &amp; madrone (Arbutus unedo L.). Measurements were made in early and late successional stand stages on the different mixed oak forest types. Different stand characteristics and indices were used to describe and compare stand structure and composition. The study showed changes in species diversity and stand structure. Most tree species in mature stands are present in early stages but with higher abundance. Shannon diversity index may change between 0.798 and 1.915. Signiﬁcant differences on species diversity and abundance were found depending on the forest type and successional stage. Mature mixed-oak forests have high species diversity with an abundance of small to medium tree size species. Species distribution and diameter differentiation indices range from 0.30 to 0.70 and 0.52 to 0.82, respectively, revealing signiﬁcant structural complexity. The average number of standing and downed dead trees was 265 and 83 trees ha−1 for early and late stage, respectively, with 6.9 and 65.4 m3 ha−1 . Higher values of stand diversity index were 41 and 53 in more complex and developed forests. Later stand stages have complex structure, with a wider range of tree diameter distribution and higher degree of irregularity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record></records></xml>