<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of forest fragmentation on the winter body condition and population parameters of an habitat generalist, the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus: a test of</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-49</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three main causal hypotheses have been proposed to explain the inverse relationships between habitat patch size and density of gen- eralist mouse species in fragmented habitats: 1) enhanced habitat conditions as habitat patch size decreases; 2) inhibited emigration of excess indi- viduals in small and isolated habitat patches; and 3). reduced territoriality in small patches because they are occupied temporarily by non- reproductive individuals. From the mechanism underlying each hypothesis, we derived predictions on the effects of fragment size on the body condition of individuals (measured both as absolute body size and as body mass relative to body size) and some demographic parameters of mouse populations redated to reproductive output (sex-ratio and proportions of sexually active and recently-born individuals), and we tested such predic- tions with data from wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus wintering in three Spanish forest archipelagos in which the inverse relationship between for- est patch size and mouse abundance had been previously proven. No differences in average body size or in average body mass relative to body size were detected among fragments. Mouse populations wintering in small fragments showed more male-biased sex-ratios, a larger proportion of sex- ually active adults and fewer juveniles as compared to mouse populations wintering in large fragments nearby. Results clearly rejected the third hypothesis and did not support the second one. It thus seemed that habitat conditions for mice improved as forest fragment size decreased, although the expected positive effects on individuals could have been prevented by relaxed territoriality and increased food resource depletion by denser mouse populations. Bearing in mind the negative effects of dense wood mice populations on the distribution, abundance and population dynamics of forest species, this apparent enhancement of habitat conditions for mice in small forest fragments could have far-reaching conse- quences for the long-term persistence of such fragments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal and interannual occupation of a forest archipelago by insectivorous passerines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OIKOS</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The distribution of insectivorous passerines was studied in 31 fragments (0.1 to 350 ha) of a helm oak (Quercus ilex) Mediterranean forest archipelago in central Spain for two consecutive springs and winters (1988 to 1990). The study aimed to assess the role of forest size, abundance and other biological traits (nesting site and foraging substrata) of the species in their ability to occupy the fragments. The number of fragments occupied by the species (f(i)) was correlated to their abundance (d(i)) in spring and winter. Spring-to-winter changes of di correlated positively to changes off, due to the incidence of summer migrants but failed to show any significant pattern when restricted to species occurring in both seasons. The between-winter variations of cl, correlated positively with changes in f, while the between-spring changes of both parameters did not correlate, probably because of stronger effects of site fidelity on bird distribution in this period. Between-year persistence in the occupation of fragments was directly related to bird species abundance and, for a given abundance, persistence decreased in the smallest fragments. Hole-nesting species during the 1988 spring and the exploiters of scarce trees or foraging substrata during both winters showed an apparent restriction to colonize the smaller fragments due in parr to changes in habitat structure related to fragmentation. These results support the hypothesis that abundance is a good predictor of the ability of species to occupy and persist in fragments. However, abundance alone does not fully explain the processes that determine these occupancy patterns, since other traits related to the spatial scale of analysis and the suitability of fragments for each bird species are also involved.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of forest fragmentation on a guild of wintering passerines: the role of habitat selection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-67</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study analyses the winter colonization of an archipelago of 31 forests (0.1-350 ha) in central Spain by the guild of pariforms (Parus, Aegithalos, Regulus, Sitta and Certhia). Two hypotheses are considered: (a) that birds with similar habitat preferences tend to disap- pear simultaneously with the reduction in forest size, leading to a ‘nested’ pattern of species distribution; or (6) that the species in the smallest forests are a random sample of those found in the larger ones. The results sup- port hypothesis (a). The species that depend on rela- tively scarce resources, such as tree trunks and junipers Juniperus thurifera (Sitta europaea, Certhia brachy- dactyla, Parus cristatus and P.ater) only occupied the largest forests. On the other hand, species that exploit abundant, ubiquitous resources, such as holm oak Quercus ilex foIiage (Regulus ignicapillus and Parus caeruleus), were distributed uniformly throughout all the fragments. These results emphasize the need for a better understand- ing of habitat selection by species when designing conser- vation strategies for fragmented populations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatiotemporal patterns of egg predation in forest islands: an experimental approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-33</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thirty holm oak Quercus rotundifolia forests, ranging from 0·1 to 350 ha, were studied in central Spain to analyse the spatial and temporal patterns of predation in relation to size of forest patches. During two springs (1988 and 1989), quail Coturnix coturnix eggs were placed in these forests to evaluate predation rates. Two trials (April and June) during each year were performed to study the intraseasonal and interyear constancy of predation. Results showed that predation rate tends to increase with forest fragmentation, although forest size was poorly related to predation rate. Predation rates seemed to be constant within spring seasons and between years. These results suggest that predators concentrate their search activities in some selected forests, thus accentuating their effect on prey species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE AND FOOD-SEARCHING INTENSITY OF WOOD MICE (APODEMUS-SYLVATICUS) IN FRAGMENTED FORESTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-187</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abundance, food-searching intensity, physiological status, and population attributes of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were studied in forest islands of central Spain. Seventeen isolated woodlots (Quercus rotundifolia) ranging from 0.1 to 280 ha were studied. The results show high densities of mice and high rates of predation on acorns in the smaller forests.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>