<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granadeiro, J. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variation of foraging niches in a guild of passerine birds in a cork-oak woodland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARDEA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">community ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak woodland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guild</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">passerines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243 - 252</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial foraging niches of a pariform guild in a cork-oak woodland were examined during winter and spring. Niche structure was described in terms of the niche dimensions foraging substrate, foraging height and part of tree, and seasonal changes in niche breadth and overlap were examined. Considering the difficulties of dealing with the multidimensionality of Hutchinson's niche concept, we adopted a multivariate approach and identified the most important factors for spatial segregation. Significant differences between winter and spring utilisation of the foraging dimensions were found for the guild as a whole. At the species level, however, no major seasonal differences in the utilisation of foraging dimensions were found. No consistent seasonal trend occurred in terms of niche size or niche overlap. Multivariate analysis showed that the guild structure is basically the same in winter or spring, with Little influence of species that are present in only one of the two seasons. These results suggest that there is no food shortage in winter for the pariform guild in this woodland. The niche dimensions related with tree structure and foraging substrate appeared to be the most important ones in species segregation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cammell, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Way, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paiva, M. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and structure of ant communities associated with oak, pine, eucalyptus and arable habitats in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insectes Sociaux</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">community ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linepithema humile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/v518x231464x7788.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37 - 46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In central Portugal, 28 species of ants were found in oak, 25 in pine, 35 in eucalyptus and 12 in arable habitats, a total of 43 species. They include five numerically dominant species, the exotic Argentine ant. Linepithema (Iridomyrmex) humile and four native species, Crematogaster scutel- laris, Pheidole pallidula, Tapinoma nigerrimum and Tetramorium hispanicum. L. humile occurred in 34 % of sampled sites. When present, it was abundant in all three arboreal habitats, where it was associated with strikingly decreased ant species richness and equitability. Such diversity was greater in L. humile - colonised arable habitats, where the ant was much less abundant than in the arboreal habitats. Where L. humile was absent, C. scutellaris and P pallidula were usually co-dominants in oak and pine, and T. nigerrimum and T. hispanicum in the arable habitat, but all were absent or rare in eucalyptus. Ants were numerically least abundant in eucalyptus but, in the absence of L. humile, species richness was greater and the community more equitable than in the other habitats. L. humile - absent arable habitats supported the poorest and least equitable ant community.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>