Man-Made Landscapes From the Third–Second Millennia Bc: the Example of Castelo Velho (Freixo De Numão, North-East Portugal)

The analysis of charred plant material from Castelo Velho (northeastern Portugal) yields information about the environmental background of a long-term architectural project. Work focuses on the physical characteristics of this sui generis site and on the interrelationships between human communities and their vegetal environment. Important vegetation changes are recorded despite the fact that site ‘occupation’is considered to be sporadic and therefore causing only minor anthropogenic impact. Evergreen oaks (Quercus, evergreen) dominate during the first two stratigraphic layers but are replaced by the tree-strawberry (Arbutus unedo) during a third layer. This change may result from a premeditated woodland management, ensuring that the site remained visible in the distance. Special attention is given to the plant assemblage and broken pottery found in a sealed structure (layer 3) and thought to have served a ‘ritual’ purpose. Seeds of Triticum aestivum/ compactum are largely predominant.