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Unveiling the fungal mycobiota present throughout the cork stopper manufacturing process

TitleUnveiling the fungal mycobiota present throughout the cork stopper manufacturing process
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2012
AuthorsBarreto, M. C., Houbraken J., Samson R. A., Brito D., Gadanho M., & San Romão M. V.
JournalFEMS Microbiology Ecology
Volume82
Pagination202-214
Accession Number22630140
KeywordsBiodiversity, cloning, Cork, denaturing gel electrophoresis, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, DNA, Fungal, Fungal: genetics, fungi, Fungi: classification, Fungi: isolation & purification, humidity, Industry, Metagenome, mycobiota diversity, Penicillium, Penicillium: classification, Penicillium: isolation & purification, phylogeny, Plant Bark, Plant Bark: microbiology, Portugal, Quercus, Quercus: microbiology, Ribosomal Spacer, Ribosomal Spacer: genetics, Spain, Temperature, uncultivable fungal species
Abstract

A particular fungal population is present in the main stages of the manufacturing process of cork discs. Its diversity was studied using both dependent (isolation) and independent culture methods (denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and cloning of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region). The mycobiota in the samples taken in the stages before and after the first boiling seems to be distinct from the population in the subsequent manufacturing stages. Most isolated fungi belong to the genera Penicillium, Eurotium and Cladosporium. The presence of uncultivable fungi, Ascomycota and endophytes in raw cork was confirmed by sequencing. The samples taken after the first boiling contained uncultivable fungi, but in a few samples some isolated fungi were also detected. The main taxa present in the following stages were Chrysonilia sitophila, Penicillium glabrum and Penicillium spp. All applied techniques had complementary outcomes. The main factors driving the shift in cork fungal colonization seem to be the high levels of humidity and temperature to which the slabs are subjected during the boiling process.